最可悲的
2014 江苏英语高考阅读C
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额 叶前部) areas. Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and. as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behavior: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are. the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.
This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behavior is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称 ) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
翻译：
愤怒最大的危害在于它会让你失去理智并掌制你的行为。人愤怒时，会失去客观性而对让 其生气的环境因素产生误判或误解他人的行为及意图。
每个人愤怒的原因不一样， 让一个人愤怒的事可能会让另一个人觉得有趣好玩。 从生物 及文化层面来讲，每个人愤怒时具体的表现形式都不太一样。在当代文化中，一个人的行为 对周围的人产生了危害性并让人无法忍受时， 就可以认为他愤怒了。 当某个人意识到被羞辱 时，现今的人们已经不会再认为去决斗是一种切合时宜的表达愤怒的方式了。
由于大脑电波活动会变化，所以愤怒可在大脑中被识别出来。在大部分情况下，脑电图 活动图像在左右额叶前部区域表现得很均衡， 这跟我们大部分人在绝大部分时间所表现出的 平和意向是一致的。但是，当我们愤怒的时候，左右额叶前部区域的脑电图就会波动，并且 会对此作出相应的反馈。 我们对于愤怒的行为回应跟对其它情绪的回应是不一样的， 不论这 种情绪是积极还是消极的。
大部分积极的情绪跟趋向行为有关联。例如，我们往往会更靠近我们喜欢的人。对比之 下，大部份消极情绪跟回避行为有关。例如，我们往往会远离我们不喜欢或让我们焦虑的人 或事物。但是愤怒跟上面两种行为不是一个类别。我们越愤怒，我们越有可能更靠近让我们 愤怒的人或事物。这正好应证了心理学家所称的“攻击性愤怒”：为了左右并控制让我们愤怒 的人或事物， 我们会更加靠近他们。 这种对抗行为伴随着偏左的额叶前部非对称脑电图活动。 有趣的是，当你生气时，如果另一个人对你的愤怒作出回应，且产生共鸣，那么这种不对称 性便会减轻。在与之对应的“防御性愤怒”中，这种不对称性指向于右边，愤怒的人在面对激 起愤怒情绪的状况时会感到无助。
