1．hope作“希望”解，主要用来表示主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。可接不定式（短语）或that引导的从句，但不可接“宾语+不定式”，即宾语补足语的结构，也称不定式的复合结构，例如：
We are hoping to see the president who will come to China.
I hope that you can tell us the truth.
We hope you to meet us at the station. (错误)
2．wish作“但愿、希望”解，表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。可接不定式（短语）、双宾语、宾语+不定式的复合结构以及that从句，例如：
I wish you to go to Beijing with me next year.
Everyone wish (that) he could pass the English exam.
We wish you success/ (to be) happy.
I wish (that) I were a millionaire.
注意：表示实现愿望的可能性不大或根本不可能时，从句用虚拟语气。
3．expect作“期待、期望”解，侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。可接名词、不定式（短语）、不定式的复合结构，例如： I never expected his coming/help.
We expect to hear from Jane.
I expect you to give me a hand.
He expected that he could get there on time.
4．desire作“渴望、愿望”解，可以为名词或动词，表示强烈的希望、渴望或要求，是比want更加正式的用语，可以接名词、不定式、不定式的复合结构以及宾语从句，一般不用于进行时态、祈使句，例如：He desired information on this matter.
We all desire peace and happiness.
What do you desire me to do for you.
He desired to win the game.
My uncle desired that I (should) go to see him next month.
desire可以作名词，表示“愿望、欲望、要求、请求、”时为不可数名词；表示“所想要的东西”时为可数名词，但常用单数，作“情欲、性欲”时为不可数名词，例如：
He had a strong desire to/for success.
At last he got his desire --- a pair of new trousers.
5．long
long : 语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。
接动词不定式
She longed to be back in China.
她渴望回到中国。
