你可以从以下几个方面着手：
1.•the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England:
回答：• The United Kingdom: a country that consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• Great Britain: the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous（自治的） regions: England, Wales and Scotland.
• England is part of Great Britain, which is part of the United Kingdom.
• The U.K. includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England. Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland are not countries but the United Kingdom is.
• The Highlanders: the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlands in Northern Scotland.
• They are proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural identity. They mainly live by farming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and islands.
• The reputation of the Scots: inventive, hardworking, serious-minded and cautious with money. (In the past, they were pioneer settlers and empire builders in places like America, Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.)
• their distinctive national dress: kilt
• Bagpipes
• The Scots can be recognized by and their particular style of speech and accent .
2宗教：
回答：• The Catholic Church: refers to the Christian church headed by the Pope. All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible. Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy”.
• In the Middle Ages, the Popes was extremely powerful. In the 16th century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by Catholics.
• The Protestant Church: refers to the Christian church whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the Reformation. As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the `6th, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic Church. In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan age.
• Christianity:
refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus Christ. It was founded in the 1st century in Palestine. Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of Christianity. In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major groups. Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church and Orthodox Eastern Church(东正教).
3.学校的不同：
回答：British Educaion
• Public schools: are the secondary boarding schools that prepare students chiefly for universities. They are supported entirely by fees and private funs.
• The name “public school” is traditional one with little meaning today, since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the population.
• “Public school” is a traditional name with little meaning today, because far from being public, public schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the population.
• Some people feel, the greatest argument for public schools is the strikingly high proportion of ex-public-school boys occupying senior posts in the government, the armed forces, the church, t he universities, the professions, and even in business. They say, this proves the superiority of a public school education.
• It was the public schools that laid the foundations of English education.
• In England, parents who are rich and conservative in politics will most probably send their children to public schools.
• Three famous public schools in Britain: Eton, Harrow and Rugby.
• Prep schools: also called preparatory schools, they are private elementary schools in Britain, which prepare their students for public schools.
• The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, and there is a distinctive boarding atmosphere. At the age of thirteen, the students will take the “common entrance” examination for admission to a “public school”.
• The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, since its main target is not the “eleven plus,” but the “common entrance” examination at the age of 13, for admission to a public schools.
• The public schools today are no longer as superior and exclusive as they used to be.
• Firstly, their perfect system, their house system and their tradition of sport have been widely adopted in state secondary schools, and ,many grammar schools have academic records which many a public school might envy.
• Secondly, many so-called public schools are dependent on an annual grant from the central government, in return for which they award between a quarter and a half of their places to pupils paying reduced fees or none at all.
• Thirdly, all public schools too, except a few of recognized standard, are liable to be inspected by the State.
• There is thus a gradual progress away from exclusiveness in British education.
• Oxford University was founded in the twelfth century. It contains about thirty separate colleges.
• Cambridge University was founded in the thirteenth century. It contains about twenty separate colleges.
• There four Scottish universities dating from the 15th and 16th centuries. They are St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh.
• London University has far more students than any other British universities.
• “red brick”: is a slightly contemptuous term to refer to the large group of nineteenth-and-twentieth-century universities and university colleges in Britain.
• “red brick” describes their construction, which is contrasted with the more dignified and solidlooking ancient stone architecture of Oxford and Cambridge.
• The two widely admired features of Oxford and Cambridge : are te college system and the tutorial system.
• The college system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby all students live in college during at least part of their course. The value of this system lies in fostering a community spirit in which a useful mingling of intelligence can take place.
• The tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby each student gets personal tuition once a week in his tutor’s own room.
• Open University: was founded in Britain in 1969 for people who may not get the opportunity for higher education for economic or social reasons. It is open to everybody, and does not demand the same formal qualifications as the other universities. It is non-residential. Lectures are broadcast on TV and radio. At the end of the course, successful students are awarded a university degree.
4.• The Welfare State
回答：• 1) Britain: a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure, as far as it can, that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment, old age, sickness or over —large families.
• 2) The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed, or unable to earn because they are old or sick.
• 3) Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health Service.
• 4) Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum standard.
the retirement pension
• 1) It may be received by any man from the age of 65 (provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund) if he ceases to work, and by any woman from the age of 60.
• 2) A man who continues to work after the age of 65 gets no pension at first, but when he is over 70 he gets a bigger pension.
• 3) People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are working.
• 4) There are in addition non-state methods of providing for retirement pensions.
Family allowances
• (1) They are paid directly out of public
money contributed by taxpayers.
• (2) For the first child of a family, nothing
is paid, but an allowance is made for all
children after the first.
• (3) The payments continue until a child
leaves school and are subject to income tax.
• (4) There are special payments for widows
who have children;payments continue
until a child leaves school and are
subject to income tax.
• (5) There are special payments for widows
who have children.
"meals on wheels"
• "meals on wheels" : refers to meals which are prepared by the public authorities in a central kitchen and then distributed to infirm old people by women who belong to voluntary organizations, using their own cars.
• "meals on wheels"
(1) It is a kind of unpaid service
voluntarily performed by public-
spirited people.
(2) Meals are distributed to infirm old
people in old peoples' homes by
women who belong to voluntary
organizations, using their own cars.
• The grades of the doctors in hospitals : the “housemen“(实习医生) or residents(住院医生) are in the lowest grade and the Consultants are in the highest grade.
• "housemen" or residents: refers to those newly-qualified doctors who spend a year or two living in hospitals gaining experience under supervision.
• the Consultants(会诊医生) must not work in the hospital for the whole of their time. They may work in the hospital either for the whole of their time or for part of their time.
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