主动语态(active voice)表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态(passive voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
标志性时间状语,以助动词do为例:
1.一般现在时:主动:do/does 被动:am/is/are done---always often
2.一般过去时:主动:did 被动:was/were done---yesterday in1966
3.一般将来时:主动:will/shall do 被动:will/shall be done----in 2020
4.现在进行时:主动:am/is/are doing 被动:am/is/are being done---now
5.现在完成时:主动:have/has done 被动:have/has been done ---since
6.含情态动词:主动:情态动词+do 被动:情态动词+be done
英语中的情态动词:would /should/could/might/must等等。。。
动词变形:
分规则变化和不规则变化两种.不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则:
(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等.
(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等.
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study / studied, carry / carried等.
(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等.