. Maturity
成熟
The drastic transformation from isolated centrally planned to internationally open market economy has occurred so fast that the change in the mindset and the adaptation of new modern business practice is still in the process of maturation．
这种从计划经济到对外开放经济的强烈转变来得如此迅猛，以至于直到现在，国人对这种新兴的现代化的商业操作模式的适应力和思维习惯仍处于走向成熟的阶段。
Symptoms of this lack of maturity are visible in the aspects of methodology,taking of responsibilities，and job retention．The methodological issues include the lack of structured processes and procedures which are often tried to be compensated by temporary rough—and—ready solutions．
在方法学，责任引入和不换岗等反面， 人们面对这种环境时的缺乏成熟的一面便表现了出来
Responsibilities and accountabilities are often abandoned and the sense for urgency in certain situations appeared underdeveloped．
责任与义务往往被人们弃之不顾，而且 在一些领域，人缺少紧迫感
Finally,lower job retention and loyalty was considered as big and costly issue in China．
结果，频繁的换岗和忠诚度低成为了中国严重而代价高昂的问题
While western companies avoid job hoppers，the talent scarcity on the one side and the pursuit of higher salaries on the other side made job hopping so common that it lost its negative image．
正当西方的公司（因跳槽是不忠诚的表现）拒绝跳槽者， 国内却因为人才紧缺和求职者对高新的追求而使跳槽现象十分普遍，以至于抹去了跳槽给人的负面印象
2 Management skills
管理方法
The lack of competent mid to senior level managers has been always an issue in Chinese enterprises．
在中国的企业中， 缺乏中层和高层的管理人员一直都是一个重要问题。
The challenges include the aspects of general competency as well as project and people management．
这种职位不仅要求管理者要有综合能你，还有求管理者具有项目管理能力和人事能力
Many managers in China had started their career as worker and were gradually promoted to higher positions in the hierarchy．
在中国，很多经理都是从基层做起，一点一点被提拔上来的
However,in many aspects of management，experiences hardly compensate missing educational foundation．
然而，在很多方面，经验是无法弥补教育上的不足的。
In China，modern project management has been still not recognized as a profession．
在中国，现代项目管理仍么又被当成一门职业
Therefore，critical business
ventures are often handed over to someone lacking the expertise and experience to oversee the whole project and ensure that all deliverables are meeting the stipulated quality and dead lines．
因此，重大的商业风险项目往往被交给缺乏专业知识和经验的人， 而这些人无法从全局召眼来保证所有各交付的产品都能符合规定的质量要求并在规定的时间内交付。
The traditional education and work environment of state owned enterprises have also complicated the development of effective ways to motivate and handle people which are one of the most critical abilities of a manager.
找出有效的方法来激励和管理员工是一个管理者最重要的能力之一，而国有企业的传统教育方式和工作环境确使得这种能力复杂化了
因为你是用在论文里，所以有些话是意译的（为了表已明确）。希望没影响。
