1、主语
take形式主语为it，spend主语为人，pay主语为人，cost主语为物。
2、宾语
take宾语为人/时间，spend宾语为时间/金钱，pay宾语为金钱，cost宾语为人/金钱。
3、结构
take：It takes (sb.)some time to do sth.
spend：spend time/money on sth. spend time/money (in) doing sth.
pay：pay some money for sth.
cost：sth. cost(sb). money
