Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese:República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to havePortuguese as an official language–and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerousprotected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.
Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,570 municipalities.
Brazil's economy is the world's ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP (PPP) as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States,CPLP, and the Latin Union. Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs, with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power. One of the world's major bread baskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.
翻译：
巴西，正式名称为巴西联邦共和国（英文：the Federative Republic of Brazil ，葡萄牙文：República Federativa do Brasil），是南美洲和拉丁美洲最大的国家。作为世界上面积和人口都是第五大的国家，它以葡萄牙语作为官方语言，这在美洲是唯一一个。巴西东部毗邻大西洋，有7491公里的海岸线。它毗邻除厄瓜多尔和智利以外的其他所有南美国家，涵盖南美大陆土地面积的47.3％。它的亚马逊河流域有巨大的热带森林，他是多种野生动物、各种生态系统及覆盖多个保护地的广泛的自然资源。这种独特的环境遗产，使巴西成为17个生物多样性大国之一，也成为关于森林砍伐和环保问题全球关注和争论的主题。
在探险家佩德罗·阿尔瓦雷斯·卡布拉尔在1500年登陆巴西之前，这里一直居住着众多的部落民族。直到1808年葡萄牙帝国帝国的首都从里斯本迁移到里约热内卢之前，巴西一直是葡萄牙的殖民地。巴西在1822年宣布独立，成为君主立宪制和议会制治理下的统一国家。巴西的第一部宪法与1824年获得批准，形成了两院制议会，现在被称为国民议会。1889年军事政变以后，巴西成为总统制的共和国。1964年独裁的军政府上台执政，并统治这个国家直到1985年，在这之后恢复了平民治理。巴西现行宪法于1988年制定，将巴西定义为一个民主联邦共和国。巴西联邦由联邦区、26个州和5,570个市镇组成。
2015年，按名义GDP计算巴西是世界上第九大经济体，按GDP（PPP）计算则为第七大经济体。作为金砖国家的一员，巴西直到2010年前一直是世界上增长速度最快的主要经济体之一，其经济改革给予赋予巴西新的国际知名度和影响力。巴西是联合国、20国集团、金砖国家、、南方共同市场、美洲国家组织、伊比利亚 - 美洲国家组织、葡语国家共同体等组织的成员，还是拉丁美洲联盟的创始成员。巴西是拉美的地区大国和国际事务中的中等大国，一些分析师把它看做是一个新兴的全球大国。作为世界上的主要粮仓之一，巴西在过去的150年中一直是咖啡生产大国。
以上是我自己辛辛苦苦编辑和翻译的，不是抄来的。
