规则变化
1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked
2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried, study—studied
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted
注:A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。
B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(交易,在…通行)
另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。(见后)
C. 读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted过去式变化 还有过去分词