鸟类中有什么动物?

2020-10-05 文化 463阅读
鸟纲Aves 脊椎动物亚门的一纲。体均被羽,恒温,卵生,胚胎外有羊膜。前肢成翅,有时退化。多营飞翔生活。心脏是2心耳2心室。骨多空隙,内充气体。呼吸器官除肺外,有辅助呼吸的气囊。全世界已发现9021种;中华人民共和国有1186种。 [家族树] 鸟纲Aves | |---古鸟亚纲 Archaeornithes(晰尾亚纲Saururae) | `--始祖鸟 Archaeopteryx | | |----亚纲目科未定 Incertae sedis | | |--原始热河鸟Jeholornis prima | | |--朝阳会鸟Sapeornis chaoyangensis | | |--长尾雁荡鸟Yandangornis longicaudus | | `--张吉营锦州鸟Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia | | | `--孔子鸟目Confuciusornithiformes | `--孔子鸟科Confuciusornithidae | |--川州孔子鸟Confuciusornis chuonzhous | |--杜氏孔子鸟Confuciusornis dui | |--圣贤孔子鸟Confuciusornis sanctus | |--孙氏孔子鸟Confuciusornis suniae | `--横道长城鸟Changchengornis hengdaoziensis | | |----反鸟亚纲Enantiornithes | |--始反鸟目Eoenantiornithiformes | | `--始反鸟科Eoenantiornithidae | | `--步氏始反鸟Eoenantiornis buhleri | |--华夏鸟目Cathayornithiformes | | |--中国鸟科Sinornithidae | | | `--三塔中国鸟Sinornis santensis | | |--华夏鸟科Cathayornithidae | | | |--有尾华夏鸟Cathayornis caudatus | | | |--燕都华夏鸟Cathayornis yandica | | | `--三燕龙城鸟Longchengornis sanyanensis | | `--尖嘴鸟科Cuspirostrisornithidae | | |--侯氏尖嘴鸟Cuspirostrisornis houi | | `--六齿大嘴鸟Largirostrornis sexdentoinis | |--长翼鸟目Longipterygiformes | | `--长翼鸟科Longipterygidae | | `--朝阳长翼鸟Longipteryx chaoyangensis | `--目科未定 Incertae sedis | |--郑氏波罗赤鸟Boluochia zhengi | |--滦河冀北鸟Jibeinia luanhera | |--娇小辽西鸟Liaoxiornis delicatus | |--成吉思汗鄂托克鸟Otogornis genghisi | `--丰宁原羽鸟Protopteryx fengningensis | `----今鸟亚纲(扇尾亚纲)Ornithurae |--突胸总目Carinatae | `--鱼鸟目Ichthyornithiformes | |--鱼鸟Ichthyornis | `--虚椎鸟Apatornis |--黄昏鸟目Hesperornithiformes | `--黄昏鸟科Hesperornithidae | `--黄昏鸟亚科Hesperornithinae | `--黄昏鸟Hesperornis |--辽宁鸟目Liaoningornithiformes | `--辽宁鸟科Liaoningornithidae | `--长趾辽宁鸟Liaoningornis langiditris |--朝阳鸟目Chaoyangiformes | |--朝阳鸟科Chaoyangidae | | `--北山朝阳鸟Chaoyangia beishanensis | `--松岭鸟科Songlingornithidae | `--凌河松岭鸟Songlingornis linghensis |--燕鸟目Yanornithiformes | `--燕鸟科Yanornithidae | `--马氏燕鸟Yanornis martini `--目科未定 Incertae sedis `--葛氏义县鸟Yixianornis grabaui -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 今鸟亚纲 分类表II --今鸟亚纲(扇尾亚纲)Ornithurae == {今鸟亚纲+ 黄昏鸟} |--+--神翼鸟Apsaravis | `--突胸总目Carinatae == {今鸟亚纲 + 鱼鸟} | | 未定: | | 未命名(接近完整的骨骼)- Campanian to Maastrichtian -- 蒙古 | |--鱼鸟目Ichthyornithiformes =Apatornithiformes | | | 未定: | | | 未命名-- 北美洲 | | |?-虚椎鸟Apatornis | | `--鱼鸟Ichthyornis | `--+--阈鸟Limenavis | `--+?-石板鸟类Lithornithiformes | `---->今鸟亚纲Neornithes `---->黄昏鸟目Hesperornithiformes --黄昏鸟目Hesperornithiformes "Hesperornis forms" |--大洋鸟Enaliornis `--+--帕斯基亚鸟Pasquiaornis `--+--潜水鸟Baptornis |--尤氏鸟Judinornis `--黄昏鸟科Hesperornithidae | 未定: | 白垩鸟Coniornis |--亚洲黄昏鸟Asiahesperornis |--似斯堪鸟Parascaniornis `--黄昏鸟亚科Hesperornithinae |--黄昏鸟Hesperornis `--似黄昏鸟Parahesperornis --今鸟亚纲Neornithes "new birds" =Aves sensu Gauthier, 1986 |--古腭超目Palaeognathae "old jaws" =Palaeognathia =Eoaves | | 未定: | | Eremopezus | | Remiornis | | Stromeria | |?-Eleutherornithidae * | |--鹬鸵目Tinamiformes "Tinamus (tinamou) forms" (tinamous) | `--平胸总目Ratitae =Ratiti | |--Apteryges | | |--无翼鸟目Apterygiformes (kiwis) | | |?-恐鸟目Dinornithiformes (moa) * | | `?-Dromornithiformes (mihirung) * | `--Struthiones | |--隆鸟目Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds) * | `--+--鹤鸵目Casuariiformes (cassowaries, emus) | `--+--美洲鸵目Rheiformes (rheas) | `--鸵形目Struthioniformes (ostriches) `--新腭超目Neognathae "new jaws" =Neognathia =Neoaves |--鸡形小纲Galloanserae | |?-雁形目Anseriformes (ducks, geese, swans, screamers, Presbyornis, Gastornis?) | `?-鸡形目Galliformes (turkeys, grouse, quails, pheasants, peafowl, etc.) `--+--拟鹑科Mesitornithidae `--+?-鹭科Ardeidae (herons) |--Eurypygoidea |--Otides |?-Rhynchoceti |--Gruimorphae | |--鹤形目Gruiformes (cranes, rails, etc.) | `?-Podicepiformes (grebes) |--Charadriomorphae | |--Graculavidae * | |--Ciconiimorphae | | |--红鹳科Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos) | | `--+--鹳形目Ciconiiformes (storks, spoonbills?, New World vultures?, etc.) | | `--+--鹈形目Pelecaniformes (pelicans, frigate birds, gannets, boobies, cormorants, anhingas, etc.) | | `--+--嚄形目Procellariformes (albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters, etc.) | | `--+--潜鸟目Gaviiformes (loons) | | `--企鹅目Sphenisciformes (penguins) | `--+--Burnithidae | `--鸻形目Charadriiformes | |--"Charadriida" (avocets, etc.) | |?-瓣蹼鹬科Phalaropodidae (phalaropes) | |--"鹬小目Scolopacida" (jacanas, etc.) | |--+--鸥科Laridae | | `?-Sternidae | |--+--贼鸥科Stercorariidae | | `--蟹鸻科Dromadidae | `--+--三趾鹑科Turnicidae (button quails) | `?-+--Pteroclidiformes | `--+--鸽形目Columbiformes (pigeons, doves, sandgrouse, dodo) | `--鹦形目Psittaciformes (cockatoos, parrots) `--+--Cariamae (phorusrhacids, etc.) `--+--+?-隼形目Falconiformes (falcons, caracaras) | `?-Opisthocomiformes (hoatzins, Foro?) `--+?-鹃形目Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) `--+?-鹗科Pandionidae (ospreys) |?-蛇鹫科Sagittariidae (secretary birds) |--+?-蕉鹃目Musophagiformes (turacos, etc.) | `?-Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, Old World vultures, Horusornis?) `--Anomalogonatae | 未定: | Zygodactylus |--鼠鸟目Coliiformes (mousebirds) |--Sandcoleiformes * |--+--鸮形目Strigiformes (owls) | `--+--雨燕目Apodiformes (swifts, hummingbirds) | `--夜鹰目Caprimulgiformes (goatsuckers) `--+--佛法僧目Coraciiformes (rollers, courols, etc.) `--+--咬鹃目Trogoniformes (trogons, todies, motmots, bee eaters, kingfishers, etc.) `--犀鸟形总目Bucerotimorphae |--犀鸟目Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoes, etc.) `--+--啄木鸟目(鴷形目)Piciformes (barbets, toucans, woodpeckers, etc.) `--雀形目Passeriformes (songbirds, etc.)
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