1) 一般名词的复数以加-s或-es的方式构成,构成的方法如下:
情况 加法 例词
一般情况 加-s brothers schools
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 加-es buses foxes watches dishes
以“辅音+y”结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es country—countries(但boys,toys,ways)
2) 以-o结尾的词,许多加-es构成复数,特别是一些常用词:
heroes potatoes tomatoes echoes tornadoes
torpedoes dominoes vetoes mosquitoes Negroes
mangoes buffaloes volcanoes
但下面几类词只加-s:
a. 以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词:
videos radios studios folios oratorios embryos
zoos bamboos kangaroos cuckoos taboos
b. 一些外来词,特别是音乐方面的词:
pianos concertos solos sopranos tobaccos
commandos mottos cellos banjos manifestos
c. 一些缩写词和专有名词:
kilos photos memos micros Eskimos Filipinos
有个别词加两种词尾都可以,如:
archipelago(e)s halo(e)s cargoes(英) cargos(美)
3) 以-f或-fe结尾的词,通常变f为v,再加-(e)s
half — halves leaf — leaves loaf — loaves
self — selves thief — thieves wolf — wolves
shelf — shelves calf — calves elf — elves
wife — wives knife — knives life — lives
housewife — housewives
有些只加-s
roofs cliffs proofs beliefs chiefs
有个别词加-s或-es都可以:
scarf — scarfs或scarves dwarf — dwarfs或 dwarves
wharf — wharfs或wharves hoof — hoofs或hooves
handkerchief — handkerchiefs或handkerchieves