主语是名词性的：名词，动名词都行
谓语是动词的：be，实义动词（play），情态动词（need）
宾语一般也是名词性的，例如，I LIKE THE BALL，I是主语，LIKE是谓语，BALL是宾语
定语用来修饰名词，一般是形容词，例如 WHAT A WONDERFUL DAY, “WONDERFUL”是day 的定语
状语一般是有时间，地点，原因，让步状语：It is in the supermarket that I met my old friend,
in the supermarket就是地点状语。
补语是结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分
主语的补语
它用在系动词后，是句子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构。
1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，with做介词宾语，them做主语补语）
2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？
-- Me. --我。 （me做主语补语= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语）
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
宾语的补语
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother is a clever boy.
3.形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
6.过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
主语补足语与宾语补足语的联系
1、主动语态中的宾语补足语，可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语。
eg. They caught boy stealing. （stealing 作为宾语补足语）
转化为被动语态 The boy was caught stealing. （stealing转化为主语补足语）
2、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。例如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句（1）中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。所以叫宾语补足语。
句（2）中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语，故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。
