“Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am,is,are,been,being,was,were.
在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(ThePrincipalVerb)或助动词(TheAuxiliaryVerb).
当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(TheLinkingVerb),后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(TheComplement)。例如:
1.Themanisascienceteacher.
2.Mary'snewdressesarecolourful.
3.Ihavebeentherebefore.
4.Motherisinthekitchennow.
这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可:
5.Isthemanascienceteacher?
6.AreMary'snewdressescolourful?
7.HaveIbeentherebefore?
8.Ismotherinthekitchennow?
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助,如:
9.Don'tbesilly!
10.Dobeobedient!
11.Don'tbeafool!
“Be”有两种缩写法,如下:
12.He'snot...../Heisn't....
13.You'renot...../Youaren't...
但“am+not”的缩写法只有一个:
14.I'mnot.
有人用“ain't”,但这并不是标准英语。
谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,有些什么用法:
1.“Be+现在分词”以组成进行式时态(ContinuousTenses),如:
15.Tony'smaidiswashinghisnewcar.
16.Thechildrenareplayinginthefield.
17.SamuelwaseatingwhenIcamein.
18.Wehavebeenlivingheresince1959.
2.“Be+过去分词”以组成被动语态(ThePassiveVoice),如:
19.Hermoneyinthedrawerwasstolen.
20.Anumberofgoodjobsaretakenupbyforeigners.