如何在python中使用selenium

selenium简介

selenium提供了一个通用的接口,可模拟用户来操作浏览器,比如用于自动化测试等.
selenium的核心是WebDriver,它提供了一组接口,这些接口能够操作各种跨平台的浏览器.
各大浏览器厂商.

各大浏览器厂商也支持Selenium,将其作为浏览器的一部分.

selenium工具集提供了WebDriver,Selenium IDE,Selenium-Grid等

Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0

Selenium WebDriver是Selenium Remote Control(Selenium-RC)的继承者.

• WebDriver提供了更简单和简洁的接口,克服了Selenium-RC API一些限制.

• 相比Selenium 1.0,WebDriver是面向对象式的服务.

• WebDriver驱动浏览器更有效率,提供了比Selenium 1.0更多的功能

• Selenium RC只能在单机上运行,WebDriver则提供了远程操作的功能

selenium基本使用

selenium运行需要什么

主要包括三部分:selenium selenium,浏览器driver,浏览器
selenium selenium是一组通用的接口,而不同的浏览器提供其自身的driver(大部分是官方的),浏览器则被模拟控制操作的终端.

安装

• pip install selenium --upgrade


• apt-get install chromium-browser


• wget http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.10/chromedriver_linux`getconf LONG_BIT`.zip


• unzip chromedriver_linux32.zip


• cp chromedriver /usr/local/share


• chmod +x /usr/local/share/chromedriver


• ln -s /usr/local/share/chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver


• ln -s /usr/bin/chromedriver /usr/local/share/chromedriver



简单的使用

• from selenium import webdriver


• driver = webdriver.Chrome('/usr/local/bin/chromedriver')


• driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');


• print(driver.title)



API使用

可参考/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium

Chrome WebDriver

selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver(executable_path='chromedriver', port=0, chrome_options=None, service_args=None, desired_capabilities=None, service_log_path=None)

ChromeOptions

可以通过ChromeDriver session配置ChromeDriver session
ChromeDriverconvenient methods for setting ChromeDriver-specific capabilities

• from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options


• chrome_options = Options()


• chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-extensions")


• chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-logging')


• chrome_options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'download.default_directory':


• '/tmp'})


• chrome_options.binary_location='/usr/bin/chromium-browser'


• driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)



直接使用DesiredCapabilities

ChromeOptions是构建在DesiredCapabilities之上的,为了使用DesiredCapabilities,必须
知道capability的Key/value对.

• chrome_options = Options()


• capabilities={}


• capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"


• capabilities['version'] = "10"


• capabilities.update(chrome_options.to_capabilities())


• driver = webdriver.Chrome(desired_capabilities=capabilities)



chromedriver运行方式

The ChromeDriver class不断的创建实例,会浪费很多的时间,可以通过两个方式解决.

使用ChromeDriverService

• import selenium.webdriver.chrome.service as service


• service = service.Service('/usr/bin/chromedrive')


• service.start()


• capabilities = { }


• driver = webdriver.Remote(service.service_url, capabilities)


• driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');


• print(driver.title)



开启单独的ChromeDriver服务

• ./chromedriver


• driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:9515', DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)


• driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');



RemoteWebDriverServer

The RemoteWebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server. The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test.

• wget http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.53/selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jar


• java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.53.0.jar


• from selenium import webdriver


• from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities


• driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',des


• desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)


• driver.get('http://mail.sina.net');