another泛指(指三者或三者以上中的)另一个,既可作代词又可作形容词.做代词时如:I have finished this book,please give me another.做形容词:I will be back in another ten days.
other其他的,另外的,泛指另一个另一些.作定语时,常与可数名词复数连用,如But other creditors have refused the terms,但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every及形容词性物主代词时,可与可数名词单数连用,如every other day
the other可作代词也可作形容词,表(两者中的)另一个,常用于one..the other..的句型中,如she has two children,one is a boy,the other is a girl
从题目来看,翻译成中文:
这块蛋糕很好吃,我可以再来一块吗?
很明显another是最合适的,如果用other的话,piece必须用复数,得改成pieces.
而如果用the other的话,就不能用piece,得修改成the other one.