Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.
Phonology is the study of sound system, studies how sounds are organized and use in natural language
Morphology is the branch of linguistics which studies the internal structure of words and of the rules by which words are formed
Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language in context. It is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.
Semantics VS Pragmatics
Difference:
1. Semantics: The meaning of language was considered as something intrinsic , and inherent, i.e., a property attached to language itself. Therefore, meanings of words, sentences were all studied in isolation from language use.
2. Pragmatics: It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use is left unconsidered. Therefore, context is taken into consideration.
Similarity: Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of meaning.
Sentence meaning vs. utterance meaning
1. Sentence: Sentence is a unit of speech constructed according to language-dependent rules, which is relatively complete and independent in respect of content, grammatical structure, and intonation. It is a grammatical unit, abstract, self-contained, and independent of context
2. Utterance: When a sentence is taken as something a speaker utters in a certain situation with a certain purpose, it is treated as an utterance. Therefore, utterance is the string of sounds or written symbols produced by a speaker between two pauses. An utterance can consist of a single word or several sentences.
While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent. The meaning of an utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.
Phonology and phonetics
They both concerned with the same aspect : the speech sounds
Phonology aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistics communication
Definitions
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.
Phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.
1. Phonology is the basis for phonological analysis.
Phonology is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax, discourse, and orthography design. It analyzes the sound patterns of a particular language by determining which phonetic sounds are significant , and explaining how these sounds are interpreted by the native speaker.
