1）For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
目的状语：For a social epidemic to occur
但是，一种社会流行潮要最终形成，每个受到有影响力人士影响的人都必须接着影响自己的熟人，继而这些熟人又必须再影响他们的熟人，并依次影响下去；这些人中的每个人能得到多少人关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。
解析：
主语：each person
谓语：must then influence
宾语：his or her own acquaintances
定语从句：who must in turn influence theirs
主语从句：just how many others pay attention to each of these people
谓语：has little to do with the initial influential
2）But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
但脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新习惯时，我们会在大脑中生成相应的（神经）通路，甚至生成全新的脑细胞，（这些新的通路和脑细胞）能使我们的思路跳上新的、创新的轨道。
主语：brain researchers
谓语：have discovered
宾语从句：we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells
时间状语从句：when we consciously develop new habits
定语从句：that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
3）More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
时间状语：while examining housing construction
更近些时候，研究者在调查房屋建筑时发现，尽管建筑业的工作很复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯敦市那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却始终能达到劳动生产率的最佳实践标准。
主语：the researchers
谓语：discovered
宾语从句：that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards
让步状语： despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
4）Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”
性的困惑、经济挫折和宗教期望——所有这些在以下这一关键性时刻一齐涌来：他打开《圣经》，告诉父亲他读到的第一行字将决定他的命运，接着便读到了以下神奇的语句：“从他们中走出来吧，不要沾染不洁之物。”我将是你的上帝，你将是我的子民。
同位语：Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope
主语：all
谓语：came together
时间状语：in a decisive moment
定语从句：when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words
宾语从句：that the first line he saw would settle his fate
同位语：“Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”
