英语一共有多少种时态,每个时态表示什么意思

2020-10-11 教育 139阅读

一共有十六种时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时。常见的时态有:

一、 现在时:

1、一般现在时:经常、反复发生的动作或行为某种状况。

时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week (day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays

基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

例句:

It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

2、现在进行时:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now,at this time,day

基本结构:be+doing

否定形式:be+not+doing

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

例句:

How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

3、现在完成时:

完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语连用。如:

The old man has lived here for more than twenty years.

老人已在此住了20多年了。

4、完成进行时:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

基本结构:have/has +been+doing

时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。

例句:

I have been sitting here for an hour.

The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.

二、过去时:

1、一般过去时:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.

基本结构:be动词;行为动词的过去式

否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

例句:

She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

2、过去进行时:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构 s+was/were+doing

否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

例句:

At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in,I was reading a newspaper.

3、过去完成时:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.

基本结构:had + done.

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

否定形式:had + not + done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首。

例句:

As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.

By the end of last month,We had reviewed four books

三、将来时:

1、一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.

基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.

否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。

一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

例句:

They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

2、将来进行时:

将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常表示已安排好之事,给人一种期待感。如:

What will you be doing this time tomorrow?明天这个时候你将做什么?

The train will be leaving in a second. 火车马上就开。

3、将来完成时:

将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,往往对将来某一时间产生影响。如:

I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.我将在本周末前读完这本书。

Before long,he will have forgotten all about the matter.过不久,他很快就会把这件事全然忘记。

将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态。如:

By the time he graduates,he will have studied French for four years.到他毕业的时候,他学法语就满四年了。

By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting,we will have waited here for three hours.到皮尔斯开会回来的时候,我们已经在这儿等了三个钟头了。

4、过去将来时:

过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况,通常用于宾语从句中。如:

I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。

Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.詹妮从没想到自己会当医生。

表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如:

The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty.老太太当时五十八岁,再过两年就六十了。

I didn’t think they would have any objection to it.我想他们不会有什么反对意见。

表示过去习惯性动作(不管什么人称都用would)。如:

Whenever he had time,Harris would go to see his grandmother.哈里斯一有时间就去看他奶奶。

Joanna would go for a walk aftershe had supper.乔安娜吃完晚饭总要去散步

参考资料来源:百度百科-时态

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